Conjunction - Though, Although, and Even though of G.S. Spoken English

    LESSON - 22 

    CONJUNCTIONS - Though, Although & Even though

    Introduction:
    'Though' is used more in spoken than in written English.

     

     Usually  'though', 'although', and 'even though' comes at the 
      beginning of the sentence. The three words give the same meaning.

     Example:

     Though she is old she walks fast.

     Although he went late he was allowed to write exam.

     Even though they are rich they lead a simple   life.

   

     Above three sentences can be written with the three words
     'though' 'although' and 'even though'.

    Though/Although / Even though she is old she walks fast.

    Though/Although / Even though  he went late he was allowed to
    write exam.

    Though/Although / Even though they are rich they lead a
     simple life.

   
   

Though she is good at English grammar, she doesn't speak English.

Though we started early, we reached late.

Though she is good looking, no one likes her.

Though he helped her a lot, she is not grateful to him.

     Practice the language with 'though' since it is used more
     in spoken than in written.

 
1.     Though she tried, she didn't get any job.

         हालांकि उसने कोशिश की, उसे कोई नौकरी नहीं मिली।
ఆమె ప్రయత్నించినప్పటికీ, ఉద్యోగం రాలేదు.     

 2.   Though she passed the exam, she is not happy.

       हालांकि उसने परीक्षा पास कर ली, लेकिन वह खुश नहीं है।

       ఆమె పరీక్షలో పాస్ అయినాకూడా  సంతోషంగా లేదు.       

   

3.  Though it was raining, they completed their outdoor work.

      हालांकि बारिश हो रही थी, उन्होंने अपना बाहरी काम पूरा कर लिया। 

      వర్షం పడుతున్నప్పటికీ, వారు బయట పనిని పూర్తి చేశారు.  

4.  Though he is weak, he works hard.

      हालांकि वह कमजोर है, वह कड़ी मेहनत करता है।
   అతను బలహీనంగా ఉన్నప్పటికీ, అతను కష్టపడి పనిచేస్తాడు.   

5.  Though the driver drove fast, the bus didn't reach on time.

      हालांकि चालक ने तेजी से चलाई, बस समय पर नहीं पहुंची।
   డ్రైవర్ వేగంగా నడిపినప్పటికీ, బస్సు సమయానికి చేరుకోలేదు.  

6.  Though the question paper was tough he scored very good marks.
       प्रश्न पत्र कठिन होने के बावजूद उसने बहुत अच्छे अंक प्राप्त किए
     ప్రశ్నపత్రం కఠినంగా ఉన్నప్పటికీ అతను చాలా మంచి మార్కులు సాధించాడు.   

7.  Though they are twins they have no comparisons.

      हालांकि वे जुड़वां हैं, उनकी कोई तुलना नहीं है।
    వారు కవలలు అయినప్పటికీ వారికి పోలికలు లేవు. 

8. Though they stay beside our house we never talked to them.

     हालाँकि वे हमारे घर के पास रहते हैं, लेकिन हमने उनसे कभी बात नहीं की।
   వారు మా ఇంటి పక్కన ఉన్నప్పటికీ మేము వారితో ఎప్పుడూ మాట్లాడలేదు.  

9.  Though they settled in America, they follow Indian culture.

      हालांकि वे अमेरिका में बस गए, लेकिन वे भारतीय संस्कृति का पालन करते हैं।
    వారు అమెరికాలో స్థిరపడినప్పటికీ, వారు భారతీయ సంస్కృతిని అనుసరిస్తారు.  

10. Though she is not educated, she speaks very good English.

       हालाँकि वह शिक्षित नहीं है, लेकिन वह बहुत अच्छी अंग्रेजी बोलती है।
    ఆమె చదువుకోకపోయినా, ఆమె చాలా మంచి ఇంగ్లీష్ మాట్లాడుతుంది.

    'Though' can be used in the middle of the sentence.

    1.      She didn’t get any job though she tried.

              2.       She is not happy though she passed the exam.

3.       They completed their outdoor work though it was raining.

4.       He works hard though he is weak.

5.        The bus didn’t reach on time though the driver drove fast.

6.        He scored very good marks though the question paper was tough.

7.        They have no comparisons though they are twins.

8.      We never talked to them though they stay beside our house.

9.      They follow Indian culture, though they settled in America.

10.   She speaks very good English though she is not educated.

       

 

Though/But                     Though all the birds have feathers, some of them cannot fly.                        OR All the birds have feathers but some of them cannot fly. Though some people are not educated they have technical skills.                OR Some people are not educated but they have technical skills. Some youngsters earn a lot though they are not qualified.                         OR Some youngsters are not qualified  but they earn a lot.

We can express the same matter with 'but'.

1.   She tried, but she didn't get any job.

2.   It was raining but they completed their outdoor work.

3.   She passed the exam but she is not happy.

4.  He is weak but he works hard.

5.  The  driver drove fast but the bus didn't reach on time.

6. The question paper was tough but he scored very good marks.

7.  They are twins but they have no comparisons.

8.  They stay beside our house but we never talked to them.

9.  They settled in America, but  they follow Indian culture.

10. She is not educated, but she speaks very good English.

                                                                 

Conversation

        Jack:    Lucy, Do you have exam tomorrow ? 

        Lucy:   Yes uncle, tomorrow I have  exam. 

        Jack:   Which subject?
      

        Lucy:  ABM.

       Jack:   What is ABM?

       Lucy:   You don't know what is ABM? You have been living here for the past two years 
                    and  you don't know what is  ABM?

      Jack:   Though I live here I don't know about the subjects of grade 11 and 12. I focus 

                   only on my business.

      Lucy:   Good thing, at  least you know what I am studying. The short form of

                   Accountancy and Business Management is ABM.  What are the subjects 
                   in grade 11 and 12 in  your country?

      Jack:   I don't know. I gave up my studies after grade 10. So I don't know anything 

                  about education system.

      Lucy:  Though  you are not qualified, you speak good English.

      Jack:   I learnt just by practising with my friends. I often read books.
                   I follow G.S. Spoken English book also.  In my country some of my friends 
                  cannot speak in  English though they are qualified.  
                  What are other subjects in grade 11 and 12?

      Lucy:   HESS and STEM.  HESS stands for Humanity, Education and Social Sciences.

                 STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.

      Jack:  I will remember these subjects because if any one ask about your studies I can
                  tell.  O.k. I think I am disturbing you, continue to study. Tomorrow you have
                 to write the exam.
             
      Lucy:   Though I have exam I don't fear because I am thorough in this subject.
                   You can ask  if you have any questions regarding education.

      Jack:    I have to go out on some urgent work. Tomorrow evening we shall meet again.

                                                                   *********

Lesson - 21, conjunctions - Or & So of G.S.Spoken English

                                   LESSON - 21

             

                   CONJUNCTIONS - OR & SO

   Introduction to 'OR':
   
    'Or is used to link alternatives.                        

    I will send a message or email to you.

   How will you go? By bus or by train?

   What do you like? Tea or coffee?

  

  'Or is used after a negative verb to mean not one thing

   and also not another.

   He never calls or gives message.

   She doesn't eat or drink anything in the morning.

   Will you cook or shall I order for food? 

   Or is used with the meaning  'if not 

   You should study well or you will fail.

   Take medicine or you will fall sick again.

   Go fast or you will miss the bus.

   

Some more examples in Hindi and Telugu:

1.     Save the number in the phone or write in a book.

फोन में नंबर सेव करें या पुस्तक में लिखो।

ఫోన్‌లో నంబర్‌ను సేవ్ చేయండి లేదా పుస్తకంలో రాయండి. 

 2.  Give this money to his father or mother.

       यह धन उसके पिता या माता को दे।

       ఈ డబ్బును అతని అమ్మకు లేదా నాన్నకు ఇవ్వండి.  

  

3.   Take this medicine or go to the doctor.

       इस दवा को लें या डॉक्टर के पास जाएं।

       ఈ మందు తీసుకోండి లేదా డాక్టర్ దగ్గరికి వెళ్ళండి. 

  

4.   Which one do you prefer, job or a business ?

       आप क्या चुनते , नौकरी या व्यवसाय?

        మీరు దేనిని ఇష్టపడతారు, ఉద్యోగమా  లేదా వ్యాపారమా ?     

5.   It is raining, I don't have an umbrella or a raincoat.

        बारिश हो रही है, मेरे पास छाता या रेनकोट नहीं है।

       వర్షం పడుతోంది నాకు గొడుగు లేదు రైన్ కోటు కూడా లేదు. 

6.   Is the writing clear? or shall I read it for you?

        क्या लेखन स्पष्ट है ? या मैं इसे आपके लिए पढ़ूंगा?

        వ్రాత స్పష్టంగా ఉందా? లేదా నేను మీ కోసం చదవాలా?    

7.   Are you o.k. or shall I call the doctor?

       क्या आप ठीक है , या मैं डॉक्टर को बुलाऊंगा?

       మీకు బాగానే వుందా? లేదా డాక్టర్ని పిలవాలా ?

 8.   I did not go there or inform them.

       मैं वहां नहीं गया और न ही उन्हें सूचना दी।

       నేను అక్కడికి వెళ్ళనూ లేదు వాళ్ళకి తెలియజేయనూ లేదు.     

9.   Say  'yes' or 'no' to my question. 

        मेरे प्रश्न पर 'हां' या 'ना' कहो।  

        నా ప్రశ్నకు 'అవును' లేదా 'కాదు' అని చెప్పండి.                                             

10.  Teach the boy or join him in the school. 

         लड़के को पढ़ाओ या उसे स्कूल में शामिल करो।

         బాబుకు చదువు చెప్పండి  లేదా బడి లో అయినా చేర్పించండి. 

   

                                              
                                              OR & SO

She was so happy to see me.

    It was drizzling, so I took an umbrella

Get roses or zinnias to decorate the car.

   Eat well, or you will become weak.

 He doesn't study or work 

 It was so hard, so I broke it with a stone.

Introduction to 'SO':

                                           

'So' is used to describe an adjective.

 She was so kind to everyone.

 The distance was so long.

 I am so sorry to say that.

'So' is used in the place of 'that's why' or 'there fore'.

  The shop is close to my house, so I went on foot.  

  I don't have her number, so I didn't inform her.

  She has two laptops, so she gave one to her friend.

Some more examples in Hindi and Telugu:

  1. The dog was so ferocious.

       कुत्ता बहुत क्रूर था।

      కుక్క చాలా క్రూరంగా వున్నింది .  

2. The principal is so strict.

     प्रिंसिपल बहुत सख्त है।

    ప్రిన్సిపాల్ చాలా కఠినంగా ఉంటాడు.   

3. This bag  is so heavy, don't carry it.

     यह थैला इतना भारी है, इसे ढोओ मत।

     ఈ బ్యాగ్ చాలా బరువుగా ఉంది, దానిని మోయకండి.  

    

4. The story was so interesting.

     कहानी बहुत दिलचस्प थी।

     కథ చాలా ఆసక్తికరంగా ఉంది.      

5. It is so hot, we cannot go out.

    यह बहुत गर्म है, हम बाहर नहीं जा सकते।

    చాలా వేడిగా ఉంది, మేము బయటకు వెళ్ళలేము.     

6. I miss you so much.

     मुझे तुम्हारी बहुत याद आती है।

     నేను నిన్ను చాలా మిస్ అయ్యాను.     

7. She called me so I went.

     उसने मुझे फोन किया तो मैं गया।

    ఆమె నన్ను పిలిచింది అందుకే నేను వెళ్ళాను.     

8. He missed the train, so he came back.

     वह ट्रेन से चूक गया, इसलिए वह वापस आ गया।

     అతను ట్రైన్ మిస్ అయ్యాడు, అందుకే తిరిగి వచ్చాడు.     

   

9. He was hungry, so I served him.

     वह भूखा था इसलिए मैंने उसकी परोसा।

    అతను ఆకలితో ఉన్నాడు అందుకే అతనికి భోజనం వడ్డించాను. 

10. It was so cold,  so I switched off the fan.

       यह बहुत ठंडा था इसलिए मैंने पंखा को बंद कर दिया।

      చాలా చల్లగా  వున్నింది  అందుకే ఫ్యాన్ ఆఫ్ చేసాను.

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  [Employer and Employee]

Rechal (Employer): Hello Jane, Why are you so late today ?

Jane (Employee):   Madam, today is 15th, as usual I went to the bank to deposit cash.

                               

Rechal:                       Oh! Sorry I forgot about it. I know you are so punctual of doing

                                     office work.  Jane, you have to do one more thing, You should go to

                                     Japan. It is so urgent.

Jane:                           I don’t like to go to Japan because I don’t know their language

                                     or they can't follow my English accent.

Rechal:                       You have to go whether you like or not.

                          I think our client Robert also is in Japan. He may give you  

                                     company. 

                                   

Jane:                           I am not so sure that he is in Japan. What is that so urgent work ?

Rechal:                       You should meet our branch manager or director and explain about

                         the going up prices. You should convince him to reduce the prices of the
                          products.    

                           

Jane:                          We can do one more thing.  

Rechal:                      What is it? 

Jane:                          We can exchange our products with their products.

Rechal:                     Good idea, thank you so much for the thought.

                        You should start within two days or we will miss this opportunity.

                        Our branch manager is planning to go to France from Japan.

                        You should meet him before he goes to France. We don’t know when he  
                        will be back, so it is better to start tomorrow  itself.

                                           

Jane:                        O.k. I will go and book the air ticket now.

Rechal:                    O.k. Thank you, see you tomorrow.

                                                               *******